5) Turn the microwave on its highest power (normal operation) for 1 minute maximum. 4) Add some saline solution (around 1 ml, the exact quantity not critical) and some 30% hydrogen peroxide (at least 1ml or 1 tsp) in the antenna gap. It may need to be tilted up and supported to do that. Both ends of the antenna forming the gap should be touching the ceramic/glass surface. 3) Place the antenna with the gap down into a glass or ceramic shallow dish. This can be simply done by turning the turn-table dish upside down. 2) Disable the rotation in the microwave oven. Through experimentation the length must be within 5% ie (24 to 25 cm). You have made a split-ring antenna with a length of 2 times the wavelength of the 2.45 GHz microwaves which power microwave ovens. Bend it into a circle leaving a gap of around 2mm. The procedure to do this process is as follows: 1) Obtain a piece of heavy gauge wire (8 to 12 gage) which is stripped of insulation, such as a metal coat hanger. Hospitals, nursing homes, meat-packing plants, etc., could practice this technique with materials at hand and perform decontaminations in as little as 30 seconds. The ability to turn a microwave oven into a decontamination device with common everyday materials such as a coat-hanger, coffee cup and some fluids means instant world-wide accessibility. All of these species are biologically active and will react away any mucus/saliva barriers and then destroy the cell walls of the biological contaminant. Positive and negative ions and electrons are generated as well, which likely leads to ozone and NO compounds. This produces hydrogen peroxide vapor and OH radicals. Hydrogen peroxide (30%) is also added to the gap with the saline. Plasmas also produce radicals, particularly O radicals from the air and the water, and carbon-containing radicals from the ceramic surface. Plasmas generally generate UV light, but UV light alone is insufficient. This plasma is sustained as long as the microwave power is present. These first electrons then allow a plasma to be generated in the gap out of the air and other gasses and materials present. The water is vaporized in a few seconds and a spark is generated in the gap. The conducting fluid electrically shorts the gap causing a large current to flow and heats the fluid quickly. Those conditions are created by adding a conducting liquid, such as saline solution, into the gap, and placing the antenna cap on a piece of ceramic. That electric field can ignite a plasma under the right conditions. The new idea described in this work is to create a plasma by making an antenna that has a length equal to some multiples of the wavelength of the microwaves in a microwave oven (some multiple of 12.2 cm) and bending it into a split ring with a small (2mm) gap, an intense electric field is generated in the gap. Our lab specializes in using microwave sources to make atmospheric-pressure plasmas too for a variety of uses. There are numerous how-to videos using grapes on the internet and scholarly articles explaining how they work. Microwave ovens have been used to make plasmas. However, everyone has a microwave oven – often on every floor or even every single room. Few if any hospitals, nursing homes, or medical facilities have such a device. That means, the UVC light was almost absent, whereas UVA and UVB were active plasma components.Ĭommercial plasma sterilization devices, such as the FlatPlasTer 2.0™, are not widely available and are costly. The main UV components of the emission spectrum (measured with an Avantes spectrometer, AvaSpec-2048) were in the wavelength range between 280 and 400 nm, which can be mainly attributed to the excitation of molecular nitrogen in air.
In addition UV light was generated by this device. The inactivation of the virus particles’ functions occur through synergistic effects of the cold plasma-initiated air chemistry, which consists of nitric oxide (NO) (including its intermediates, NO radicals, NO −, and NO +, and adducts, NO 2, NO 2 −, NO 3, N 2O 3, N 2O 4, and ONOO −) and reactive oxygen species (including ozone, atomic oxygen, singlet oxygen, and oxygen ions). A factor of 30 reduction of human norovirus was obtained after a 5-minute treatment from a cold atmospheric-pressure air plasma by a FlatPlasTer 2.0™ device. Plasma sterilization is a known technique and works on viruses. COVID-19) has severely stressed the worldwide healthcare system and has created unprecedented shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) including N-95 filtering respirators (N-95s).
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